| Online learning, which initially became the primary solution during the COVID-19 pandemic, is now facing new challenges related to student engagement following the transition back to post-pandemic education systems. While digital technology served as a solution in emergency situations, the biggest challenge now is how to enhance student engagement in online learning. Many students feel disengaged, either due to difficulties in adapting to technology or the limited social interaction inherent in online education. This study uses a literature review method to explore various recent research on the use of technology in online learning and its impact on student engagement. The findings indicate that learning technologies, such as Zoom or Google Meet, can enhance student engagement in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. However, significant barriers remain, including students' time management challenges, reduced social interaction in online learning, and the digital divide in Indonesia, where more than 30% of the population still lacks internet access, according to data from the Central Statistics Agency |
